Gukonjesha ni inzira yo gushiraho ibihe byo gukonjesha ukuraho ubushyuhe.Ikoreshwa cyane mukubungabunga ibiryo nibindi bintu byangirika, birinda indwara ziterwa nibiribwa.Cyakora kuko gukura kwa bagiteri gutinda kubushyuhe buke.
Uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibiryo ukoresheje ubukonje bumaze imyaka ibihumbi, ariko firigo ya kijyambere ni ikintu cyavumbuwe vuba aha.Muri iki gihe, icyifuzo cyo gukonjesha no guhumeka kigereranya hafi 20 ku ijana by'ingufu zikoreshwa ku isi hose, nk'uko bigaragara mu ngingo ya 2015 mu kinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cyo gukonjesha.
Amateka
Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Keep It Cool, uruganda rushyushya kandi rukonjesha ruherereye mu kiyaga cya Park, muri Floride kibitangaza ngo Abashinwa baca kandi babika urubura ahagana mu mwaka wa 1000 mbere ya Yesu, maze nyuma y’imyaka 500, Abanyamisiri n’Abahinde biga gusiga inkono y’ibumba mu ijoro rikonje kugira ngo bakore urubura.Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Amateka kibitangaza ngo indi mico itandukanye nk'Abagereki, Abanyaroma n'Abaheburayo, yabikaga urubura mu mwobo kandi ikabapfukirana ibikoresho bitandukanye.Ahantu hatandukanye mu Burayi mu kinyejana cya 17, wasangaga umunyu ushonga mumazi wasangaga utera ubukonje kandi wakoreshwaga mu kurema urubura.Mu kinyejana cya 18, Abanyaburayi bakusanyije urubura mu gihe cy'itumba, bararyunyunyuza, baruzinga muri flannel, barubika mu nsi aho rwabikaga amezi.Urubura rwoherejwe no mu tundi turere ku isi, nk'uko ingingo yo mu 2004 yasohotse mu kinyamakuru cya Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe Ubushyuhe, Gukonjesha, n'Abashinzwe Inganda (ASHRAE).
Gukonjesha
Igitekerezo cyo gukonjesha imashini cyatangiye igihe William Cullen, umuganga wo muri ottcosse, yabonaga ko guhumeka byagize ingaruka zikonje mu myaka ya 1720.Yerekanye ibitekerezo bye mu 1748 ahumeka etyl ether mu cyuho, nk'uko Peak Mechanical Partnership, isosiyete ikora amazi n'amashanyarazi ikorera i Saskatoon, muri Saskatchewan.
Oliver Evans, Umunyamerika wavumbuye, yateguye ariko ntiyubaka imashini ikonjesha yakoreshaga imyuka aho gukoresha amazi mu 1805. Mu 1820, umuhanga mu Bwongereza Michael Faraday yakoresheje amoniya y’amazi kugira ngo akonje.Jacob Perkins wakoranye na Evans, yahawe ipatanti y’umuvuduko wa vaporcompression ukoresheje ammonia y’amazi mu 1835, nk’uko amateka ya firigo abitangaza.Kubwibyo, rimwe na rimwe bamwita "se wa firigo." John Gorrie, umuganga w’Amerika, na we yubatse imashini isa n’igishushanyo cya Evans mu 1842. Gorrie yakoresheje firigo ye ikora urubura, kugira ngo akonje abarwayi bafite umuriro w’umuhondo. mu bitaro bya Floride.Gorrie yakiriye ipatanti ya mbere yo muri Amerika kuburyo yakoresheje bwo gukora urubura mu 1851.
Abandi bahimbyi ku isi bakomeje guteza imbere no kunoza tekinike zisanzwe zo gukonjesha, nk'uko Peak Mechanical ibivuga, harimo:
Ferdinand Carré, injeniyeri w’Ubufaransa, yakoze firigo ikoresha imvange irimo ammonia n’amazi mu 1859.
Carl von Linde, umuhanga mu Budage, yavumbuye imashini ikonjesha ikonjesha ikoresheje methyl ether mu 1873, maze mu 1876 ihinduka ammonia.Mu 1894, Linde yanashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo guhumeka umwuka mwinshi.
1899, Albert T. Marshall, umunyamerika wavumbuye, yahaye firigo ya mbere ya mashini.
Umuhanga mu bya fiziki uzwi cyane Albert Einstein yemereye firigo mu 1930 afite igitekerezo cyo gukora firigo itangiza ibidukikije idafite ibice byimuka kandi ntabwo yishingikirije amashanyarazi.
Icyamamare cya firigo y’ubucuruzi cyiyongereye ahagana mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 kubera inzoga, nk'uko Peak Mechanical yabitangaje, aho firigo ya mbere yashyizwe mu ruganda rwenga inzoga i Brooklyn, muri New York, mu 1870. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana, inzoga hafi ya zose. yari ifite firigo.
Inganda zipakira inyama zakurikiranye hamwe na firigo ya mbere yatangijwe i Chicago mu 1900, nk’uko ikinyamakuru Amateka kibitangaza, kandi nyuma yimyaka hafi 15, ibihingwa byose bipakira inyama byakoreshaga firigo. yari ifite firigo.
Raporo ya Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri Amerika ivuga ko muri iki gihe, amazu hafi ya yose yo muri Amerika - 99 ku ijana - afite nibura firigo imwe, naho hafi 26 ku ijana by'amazu yo muri Amerika afite ayarenga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2022